La ganaderia en los albores del siglo XXI, con especial referencia a la provincia de Jaén

Discurso de Ingreso en la Real Academia de Ciencias Veterinarias de Andalucía Oriental como Académico de Número

Carcass and meat quality in light lambs in the segureña breed

Meat and carcass quality were studied in 124 Segureña breed lambs, 62 males and 62 females, slaughtered at the market weight, of 19-25 kg. Carcasses, with a yield between 48 percent (CCW/SW) and 55 percent (HCW/EW), were qualified for the most part in the 2 class of conformation as a fairly fatty, of 2/3 covered kidney and pink color muscle. There were differences among sexes for the fatness scores. The pelvic limb represents the 33.6 percent of the carcass, the shoulder 19.5 percent, the ribs+loin 17.7 percent, the breast 11.1 percent, the neck 7.3 percent, and the anterior ribs 6.7 percent; for commercial categories 58.1 percent pertained to the first category, 19.5 percent to the second and 19.8 percent to the third. Carcass were formed by 19.9 percent of fat, 52.7 percent muscle and 19.2 percent bone; these values show an ideal degree of fatness, in the local market. The sex had a significant effect on the percentage of fat and bone of the carcass. The average pH values, 6.6 and 6.5, following the preparation of the carcass for m. longissimus dorsi and m. triceps, decreased to 5.8 and 5.9, respectively, at 24 hours post mortem. These muscles presented a water holding capacity of 16.4 and 9.9 percent, and a tenderness of 3866 and 3945 g/cm2. The haem pigments and the color of m. longissimus dorsi and m. rectus abdominis confirm the results of its subjective evaluation.Se estudiaron características de calidad de la canal y de la carne en 124 corderos, 62 machos y 62 hembras, de raza Segureña sacrificados a peso de mercado, 19-25 kg. Las canales, con rendimientos entre el 48 p.100 (PCF/PVS) y el 55 p.100 (PCC/PVV), son de conformación normal (nota 2), medianamente grasas, de riñón cubierto 2/3 y músculo de color rosa; registrándose diferencias entre sexos para las calificaciones de engrasamiento. Al despiece, la pierna representó el 33,6 p.100 de la canal, la espalda el 19,5 p.100, el costillar el 17,7 p.100, los bajos el 11,1 p.100, el cuello el 7,3 p.100 y el badal el 6,7 p.100; lo que por categorías comerciales supone el 58,1 p.100 para las de 1ª, el 19,5 p.100 y 19,8 p.100 para las de 2ª y 3ª, respectivamente. La canal contenía 19,9 p.100 de grasa, 52,7 p.100 de músculo y 19,2 p.100 de hueso lo que muestra su buen grado de acabado. El sexo afectó significativamente al porcentaje de grasa y hueso de la canal. Los valores iniciales de pH, 6,6 y 6,3 para m. longissimus dorsi y m. triceps brachii, descienden a 5,8 y 5,9 a las 24 horas post mortem, respectivamente. La capacidad de retención de agua de estos músculos fue de 16,4 y 9,9 p.100 y su dureza media 3866 y 3945 g/cm2. El pigmento hemínico y el color de m. longissimus dorsi y m. rectus abdominis confirman la valoración subjetiva del color de la carne

Animal performance and fatty acid composition of lambs fed with different vegetable oils.

Twenty-seven lambs were used to investigate the effects of the inclusion of 4% hydrogenated palm oil (HPO) or sunflower oil (SFO) in the concentrate on animal performance, carcass and meat quality and fat characteristics and fatty acid composition. Animals (16.2 ± 0.27 kg initial weight) were fed concentrate (Control, HPO or SFO) and barley straw ad libitum and slaughtered at 25 kg. SFO lambs tended to eat less concentrate than HPO animals (P 0.05). SFO decreased proportions of C16:0, C18:1 cis-11 and C18:3 (P < 0.05) and increased C18:1 trans (P < 0.001) and C18:2/C18:3 ratio (P < 0.05). Atherogenicity index was lower (P < 0.05) when SFO was included in the concentrate. HPO did not affected and SFO improved fatty acid composition of fattening lambs without affecting animal performance

Época de nascimento sobre a composição regional e tecidual da carcaça de cordeiros da raça Texel Birth season on regional and tissue carcass composition in Texel breed lambs

Foram avaliados os efeitos de épocas alternativas de nascimento sobre a composição regional e tecidual da carcaça em ovinos. Quarenta e nove cordeiros machos não-castrados da raça Texel, nascidos em duas épocas (agosto e novembro), foram mantidos em regime de pastagem e abatidos com média de idade de 129 e 164 dias, respectivamente. Previamente aos abates foi feita a avaliação da produção forrageira do campo pelo método Botanal. Foram verificadas melhores condições forrageiras para os cordeiros nascidos em agosto, que apresentaram maior peso e proporção na maioria dos cortes, assim como menor proporção de músculo na paleta e perna; apresentando maior conteúdo de tecido adiposo na maioria dos cortes da carcaça. Para os cordeiros nascidos em novembro, ocorreu maior relação músculo:gordura e músculo:osso na paleta e na perna, assim como maior relação músculo:gordura no costilhar. As condições nutricionais são responsáveis pelas diferenças nos pesos e rendimentos dos cortes, assim como na composição tecidual da carcaça, em cordeiros mantidos em regime de pasto, viabilizando o uso de época alternativa de nascimentos para incrementar a oferta de animais para o abate.<br>The effect of alternative birth season on regional and tissue carcass composition of sheep was evaluated. Forty nine (49) Texel intact male lambs, born in two seasons (August and November), were kept under grazing and slaughtered with an average age of 129 and 164 days, respectively. Prior to slaughter forage production was measured using Botanal method. Lambs born in August had more favorable forage conditions, showing higher body weight and proportion in the majority of cuts, as well as lower proportion of shoulder and leg muscles showing higher adipose tissue content in the majority of carcass cuts. For lambs born in November, a higher muscle:fat and muscle:bone rate in shoulder and leg, as well as a higher ribcut muscle:fat rate. Nutritional conditions are responsible for differences in weights and cuts yields, as well as for the tissue carcass composition, in lambs maintained under grazing regime, making feasible the use of alternative birth periods to increase animal offer for slaughter